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| Geography |
| Despite its small size, this eastern Alpine country controls some of Europe’s major transit routes |
| Location: |
south Central Europe, Julian Alps between Austria and Croatia |
| Geographic coordinates: |
46 07 N, 14 49 E |
| Area: |
total: 20,273 sq km land: 20,151 sq km water: 122 sq kmSize comparison: slightly smaller than New Jersey |
| Land Boundaries: |
total: 1,086 km border countries: Austria 330 km, Croatia 455 km, Hungary 102 km, Italy 199 km |
| Coastline: |
46.6 km |
| Maritime claims: |
territorial sea: 12 nm |
| Climate: |
Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east |
| Terrain: |
a short coastal strip on the Adriatic, an alpine mountain region adjacent to Italy and Austria, mixed mountains and valleys with numerous rivers to the east |
| Elevation extremes: |
lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point: Triglav 2,864 m |
| Natural resources: |
lignite coal, lead, zinc, building stone, hydropower, forests |
| Land use: |
arable land: 8.53% permanent crops: 1.43% other: 90.04% (2005) |
| Irrigated land: |
100 sq km (2003) |
| Natural hazards: |
flooding; earthquakes |
| Current Environment Issues: |
Sava River polluted with domestic and industrial waste; pollution of coastal waters with heavy metals and toxic chemicals; forest damage near Koper from air pollution (originating at metallurgical and chemical plants) and resulting acid rain |
| International Environment Agreements: |
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
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| People |
| Population: |
1,992,690 (July 2013 est.) |
| Age structure: |
0-14 years: 13.4% (male 137,756/female 129,420) 15-24 years: 10.3% (male 105,182/female 100,255) 25-54 years: 44.2% (male 444,274/female 435,702) 55-64 years: 14.7% (male 144,230/female 147,774) 65 years and over: 17.5% (male 138,953/female 209,144) (2013 est.) population pyramid: |
| Median age: |
total: 42.8 years male: 41.1 years female: 44.5 years (2012 est.) |
| Population growth rate: |
-0.185% (2012 est.) |
| Birth rate: |
8.76 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) |
| Death rate: |
11 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.) |
| Net migration rate: |
0.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.) |
| Sex ratio: |
at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2011 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate: |
total: 4.12 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.66 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.) |
| Life expectancy at birth: |
total population: 77.48 years male: 73.83 years female: 81.36 years (2012 est.) |
| Total fertility rate: |
1.32 children born/woman (2013 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS – adult prevalence rate: |
less than 0.1% (2009 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS – people living with HIV/AIDS: |
fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS – deaths: |
fewer than 100 (2009 est.) |
| Nationality: |
noun: Slovene(s) adjective: Slovenian |
| Ethnic groups: |
Slovene 83.1%, Serb 2%, Croat 1.8%, Bosniak 1.1%, other or unspecified 12% (2002 census) |
| Religions: |
Catholic 57.8%, Muslim 2.4%, Orthodox 2.3%, other Christian 0.9%, unaffiliated 3.5%, other or unspecified 23%, none 10.1% (2002 census) |
| Languages: |
Slovenian (official) 91.1%, Serbo-Croatian 4.5%, other or unspecified 4.4%, Italian (official, only in municipalities where Italian national communities reside), Hungarian (official, only in municipalities where Hungarian national communities reside) (2002 census) |
| Literacy: |
definition: NA total population: 99.7% male: 99.7% female: 99.7% (2010 est.) |
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| Government |
| Country name: |
conventional long form: Republic of Slovenia conventional short form: Slovenia local long form: Republika Slovenija local short form: Slovenija former: People’s Republic of Slovenia, Socialist Republic of Slovenia |
| Government type: |
parliamentary republic |
| Capital: |
name: Ljubljana geographic coordinates: 46 03 N, 14 31 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October |
| Administrative divisions: |
200 municipalities (obcine, singular – obcina) and 11 urban municipalities (mestne obcine, singular – mestna obcina) municipalities: Ajdovscina, Apace, Beltinci, Benedikt, Bistrica ob Sotli, Bled, Bloke, Bohinj, Borovnica, Bovec, Braslovce, Brda, Brezice, Brezovica, Cankova, Cerklje na Gorenjskem, Cerknica, Cerkno, Cerkvenjak, Cirkulane, Crensovci, Crna na Koroskem, Crnomelj, Destrnik, Divaca, Dobje, Dobrepolje, Dobrna, Dobrova-Polhov Gradec, Dobrovnik/Dobronak, Dolenjske Toplice, Dol pri Ljubljani, Domzale, Dornava, Dravograd, Duplek, Gorenja Vas-Poljane, Gorisnica, Gorje, Gornja Radgona, Gornji Grad, Gornji Petrovci, Grad, Grosuplje, Hajdina, Hoce-Slivnica, Hodos, Horjul, Hrastnik, Hrpelje-Kozina, Idrija, Ig, Ilirska Bistrica, Ivancna Gorica, Izola/Isola, Jesenice, Jezersko, Jursinci, Kamnik, Kanal, Kidricevo, Kobarid, Kobilje, Kocevje, Komen, Komenda, Kosanjevica na Krki, Kostel, Kozje, Kranjska Gora, Krizevci, Krsko, Kungota, Kuzma, Lasko, Lenart, Lendava/Lendva, Litija, Ljubno, Ljutomer, Log-Dragomer, Logatec, Loska Dolina, Loski Potok, Lovrenc na Pohorju, Luce, Lukovica, Majsperk, Makole, Markovci, Medvode, Menges, Metlika, Mezica, Miklavz na Dravskem Polju, Miren-Kostanjevica, Mirna, Mirna Pec, Mislinja, Mokronog-Trebelno, Moravce, Moravske Toplice, Mozirje, Muta, Naklo, Nazarje, Odranci, Oplotnica, Ormoz, Osilnica, Pesnica, Piran/Pirano, Pivka, Podcetrtek, Podlehnik, Podvelka, Poljcane, Polzela, Postojna, Prebold, Preddvor, Prevalje, Puconci, Race-Fram, Radece, Radenci, Radlje ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne na Koroskem, Razkrizje, Recica ob Savinji, Rence-Vogrsko, Ribnica, Ribnica na Pohorju, Rogaska Slatina, Rogasovci, Rogatec, Ruse, Selnica ob Dravi, Semic, Sevnica, Sezana, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Sodrazica, Solcava, Sredisce ob Dravi, Starse, Straza, Sveta Ana, Sveta Trojica v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Andraz v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Jurij ob Scavnici, Sveti Jurij v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Tomaz, Salovci, Sempeter-Vrtojba, Sencur, Sentilj, Sentjernej, Sentjur, Sentrupert, Skocjan, Skofja Loka, Skofljica, Smarje pri Jelsah, Smarjeske Toplice, Smartno ob Paki, Smartno pri Litiji, Sostanj, Store, Tabor, Tisina, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trnovska Vas, Trzic, Trzin, Turnisce, Velika Polana, Velike Lasce, Verzej, Videm, Vipava, Vitanje, Vodice, Vojnik, Vransko, Vrhnika, Vuzenica, Zagorje ob Savi, Zalec, Zavrc, Zelezniki, Zetale, Ziri, Zirovnica, Zrece, Zuzemberk urban municipalities: Celje, Koper-Capodistria, Kranj, Ljubljana, Maribor, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ptuj, Slovenj Gradec, Velenje |
| Independence: |
25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia) |
| National holiday: |
Independence Day/Statehood Day, 25 June (1991) |
| Constitution: |
adopted 23 December 1991; amended 14 July 1997 and 25 July 2000 |
| Legal system: |
civil law system |
| Suffrage: |
18 years of age, 16 if employed; universal |
| Executive branch: |
chief of state: President Borut PAHOR (since 22 December 2012) head of government: Prime Minister Alenka BRATUSEK (since 20 March 2013) cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister and elected by the National Assembly (For more information visit the World Leaders website ) elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 11 November and a runoff on 2 December 2012 (next presidential election to be held in 2017); following National Assembly elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition usually nominated to become prime minister by the president and elected by the National Assembly election results: Borut PAHOR elected president; percent of vote – Borut PAHOR 67.4%, Danilo TURK 32.6%; on February 27, 2013 a no-confidence vote in Parliament resulted in Alenka BRATUSEK becoming prime minister designate; Bratusek became prime minister (Slovenia’s first female prime minister) on 20 March 2013 after her cabinet was approved |
| Legislative branch: |
bicameral Parliament consists of a National Council or Drzavni Svet (40 seats; members indirectly elected by an electoral college to serve five-year terms; note – this is primarily an advisory body with limited legislative powers; it may propose laws, ask to review any National Assembly decision, and call national referenda) and the National Assembly or Drzavni Zbor (90 seats; 88 members are elected on a proportional basis and 2 are elected by the Italian and Hungarian minorities through a majoritarian, preferential system; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: National Assembly – last held on 4 December 2011 (next to be held in 2015) election results: percent of vote by party – PS 28.6%, SDS 26.2%, SD 10.5%, LGV 8.4%, DeSUS 7%, SLS 6.9%, NSi 4.8%, other 7.6%; seats by party – PS 28, SDS 26, SD 10, LGV 8, DeSUS 6, SLS 6, NSi 4, Hungarian minority 1, Italian minority 1 |
| Judicial branch: |
Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the Judicial Council); Constitutional Court (judges elected for nine-year terms by the National Assembly and nominated by the president) |
| Political parties and leaders: |
Civic List or DL [Gregor VIRANT]; Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia or DeSUS [Karl ERJAVEC]; New Slovenia or NSi [Ljudmila NOVAK]; Positive Slovenia or PS [Alenka BRATUSEK (interim)]; Slovene People’s Party or SLS [Radovan ZERJAV]; Slovenian Democratic Party or SDS [Janez JANSA]; Social Democrats or SD [Igor LUKSIC] (formerly ZLSD) |
| Political pressure groups and leaders: |
Slovenian Roma Association [Jozek Horvat MUC]; various trade and public sector employee unions other: Catholic Church |
| International organization participation: |
Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC |
| Diplomatic representation in the US: |
chief of mission: Ambassador Roman KIRN chancery: 2410 California Street N.W., Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 386-6601 FAX: [1] (202) 386-6633 consulate(s) general: Cleveland, New York |
| Diplomatic representation from the US: |
chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph A. MUSSOMELI embassy: Presernova 31, 1000 Ljubljana mailing address: American Embassy Ljubljana, US Department of State, 7140 Ljubljana Place, Washington, DC 20521-7140 telephone: [386] (1) 200-5500 FAX: [386] (1) 200-5555 |
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| Economy |
| Slovenia became the first 2004 European Union entrant to adopt the euro (on 1 January 2007) and has experienced one of the most stable political and economic transitions in Central and Southeastern Europe. With the highest per capita GDP in Central Europe, Slovenia has excellent infrastructure, a well-educated work force, and a strategic location between the Balkans and Western Europe. Privatization has lagged since 2002, and the economy has one of highest levels of state control in the EU. Structural reforms to improve the business environment have allowed for somewhat greater foreign participation in Slovenia’s economy and helped to lower unemployment. In March 2004, Slovenia became the first transition country to graduate from borrower status to donor partner at the World Bank. In 2007, Slovenia was invited to begin the process for joining the OECD; it became a member in 2012. Despite its economic success, foreign direct investment (FDI) in Slovenia has lagged behind the region average, and taxes remain relatively high. Furthermore, the labor market is often seen as inflexible, and legacy industries are losing sales to more competitive firms in China, India, and elsewhere. In 2009, the global recession caused the economy to contract – through falling exports and industrial production – by 8%, and unemployment to rise. Although growth resumed in 2010, it dipped into negative territory in 2012 and the unemployment rate continued to rise, exceeding 12% in 2012. |
| GDP (purchasing power parity): |
GDP (purchasing power parity): $58.06 billion (2012 est.) $59.25 billion (2011 est.) $58.89 billion (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars |
| GDP (official exchange rate): |
GDP (official exchange rate): $45.42 billion (2012 est.) |
| GDP – real growth rate: |
-2% (2012 est.) 0.6% (2011 est.) 1.2% (2010 est.) |
| GDP – per capita (PPP): |
GDP – per capita (PPP): $28,600 (2012 est.) $28,800 (2011 est.) $29,200 (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars |
| GDP – composition by sector: |
agriculture: 2.7% industry: 27.6% services: 69.7% (2012 est.) |
| Labor force: |
923,000 (2012 est.) |
| Labor force – by occupation: |
agriculture: 2.2% industry: 35% services: 62.8% (2009) |
| Unemployment rate: |
11.9% (2012 est.) 11.8% (2011 est.) |
| Population below poverty line: |
13.6% (2011) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share: |
lowest 10%: 3.9% highest 10%: 19.8% (2011) |
| Distribution of family income – Gini index: |
23.8 (2011) 23.8 (2004) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices): |
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.6% (2012 est.) 1.8% (2011 est.) |
| Investment (gross fixed): |
Investment (gross fixed): 16.7% of GDP (2012 est.) |
| Budget: |
revenues: $20.5 billion expenditures: $22.59 billion (2012 est.) |
| Public debt: |
53.2% of GDP (2012 est.) 46.9% of GDP (2011 est.) note: defined by the EU’s Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds |
| Agriculture – products: |
potatoes, hops, wheat, sugar beets, corn, grapes; cattle, sheep, poultry |
| Industries: |
ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products, lead and zinc smelting; electronics (including military electronics), trucks, automobiles, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools |
| Industrial production growth rate: |
2.2% (2011 est.) |
| Electricity – production: |
15.61 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 80 |
| Electricity – consumption: |
11.6 billion kWh (2009 est.) |
| Electricity – exports: |
10.14 billion kWh (2010 est.) |
| Electricity – imports: |
8.014 billion kWh (2010 est.) |
| Natural gas – production: |
7 million cu m (2010 est.) |
| Natural gas – consumption: |
1.06 billion cu m (2010 est.) |
| Natural gas – exports: |
0 cu m (2010 est.) |
| Natural gas – imports: |
1.053 billion cu m (2010 est.) |
| Natural gas – proved reserves: |
NA cu m (1 January 2012 est.) (1 January 2012 est.) |
| Current account balance: |
$297.6 million (2012 est.) $2.505 million (2011 est.) |
| Exports: |
$28.42 billion (2012 est.) $29.59 billion (2011 est.) |
| Exports – commodities: |
manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food |
| Exports – partners: |
Germany 19.9%, Italy 11.9%, Austria 7.7%, Croatia 6.4%, France 5.7%, Hungary 4% (2011) |
| Imports: |
$29.83 billion (2012 est.) $31.05 billion (2011 est.) |
| Imports – commodities: |
machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, food |
| Imports – partners: |
Germany 16.4%, Italy 16%, Austria 10.2%, Croatia 4.5%, France 4.1%, China 4.1% (2011) |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: |
$1.154 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $991.3 million (31 December 2011 est.) |
| Debt – external: |
$61.23 billion (30 June 2011) $51.57 billion (30 June 2010) |
| Stock of direct foreign investment – at home: |
$17.91 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $16.71 billion (31 December 2011 est.) |
| Stock of direct foreign investment – abroad: |
$9.755 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $9.405 billion (31 December 2011 est.) |
| Market value of publicly traded shares: |
$6.326 billion (31 December 2011) $9.428 billion (31 December 2010) $11.77 billion (31 December 2009) |
| Exchange rates: |
euros (EUR) per US dollar – 0.7838 (2012 est.) 0.7185 (2011 est.) 0.755 (2010 est.) 0.7198 (2009 est.) 0.6827 (2008 est.) |
| Fiscal year: |
calendar year |
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| Communications |
| Telephones in use: |
872,800 (2011) country comparison to the world: 84 |
| Cellular Phones in use: |
2.168 million (2011) |
| Telephone system: |
general assessment: well-developed telecommunications infrastructure domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 150 telephones per 100 persons international: country code – 386 (2011) |
| Radio broadcast stations: |
|
| Television broadcast stations: |
|
| Internet country code: |
.si |
| Internet hosts: |
415,581 (2012) |
| Internet users: |
1.298 million (2009) |
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| Transportation |
| Airports: |
16 (2012) country comparison to the world: 143 |
| Airports (paved runways): |
total: 7 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 1 (2012) |
| Airports (unpaved runways): |
total: 9 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 5 (2012) |
| Pipelines: |
gas 840 km; oil 5 km (2010) |
| Railways: |
total: 1,228 km standard gauge: 1,228 km 1.435-m gauge (503 km electrified) (2007) |
| Roadways: |
total: 38,925 km paved: 38,925 km (includes 658 km of expressways) (2008) |
| Waterways: |
(there is some transport on the Drava River) (2012) |
| Merchant marine: |
registered in other countries: 24 (Cyprus 5, Liberia 7, Malta 4, Marshall Islands 6, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Slovakia 1) (2010) |
| Ports and terminals: |
Koper |
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| Military |
|
| Military branches: |
Slovenian Army (includes air and naval forces) |
| Military service age and obligation: |
18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2003 (2012) |
| Manpower available for military service: |
males age 16-49: 477,592 females age 16-49: 464,301 (2010 est.) |
| Manpower fit for military service: |
males age 16-49: 392,075 females age 16-49: 380,077 (2010 est.) |
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